The Evolution of Woollen Yarn

Textiles have played an essential role in the development of mankind by ensuring our survival in adverse environmental conditions. Initially, animal skins were the only protection available, so the discovery of fibre spinning was a major breakthrough.

Wool was one of the first materials used in spinning, prized for its insulating properties, as its fibres keep the body warm even in the coldest temperatures. In addition, its lightness, durability and ease of dyeing have made it a fundamental element in the history of spinning.

In this article we take a brief look at the evolution of wool yarn, analysing its relevance in the development of the textile industry and in our own evolution as a company.

Early history of woollen yarn

It is believed that woollen yarn began to be used in Iran around 4000 BC. Previously, humans used sheepskins to protect themselves from the cold, but did not have the ability to spin their fibres.

Mesopotamia was one of the regions where sheep farming was widespread in order to use their wool to make clothing.

In Egypt, due to its warm climate, the most commonly used fabric was linen, but wool was also used to make some garments and tapestries, mostly by mixing the two fibres. In Rome, as well as using wool for its advantages, they incorporated it as an important part of their economy.

The first tools used in the history of spinning were the spindle and, later, the spinning wheel, which facilitated the process of turning raw fibres into yarn. Spinning was considered an art as well as an essential skill in ancient communities, so weavers played an important role in society.

During these periods, the quality of wool varied according to the breeds of sheep and the breeding methods employed. Some varieties were coarser, suitable for hardwearing garments, while others were softer, ideal for more refined weavings.

The industrial revolution and the impact on woollen spinning

In Europe, the wool trade became a fundamental activity for the economy from the 13th century onwards. However, it was not until the Industrial Revolution that a significant change in textile production was evident; the introduction of spinning machines boosted the manufacturing process and changed the economic and social dynamics of the time.

The invention of the Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves in 1764 marked the beginning of the mechanisation of spinning. This machine allowed multiple yarns to be spun simultaneously, although it had technical limitations.

Richard Arkwright invented the Water Frame in 1769, automating the process through hydraulic power, while Samuel Crompton perfected this technique with his Spinning Mule.

The implementation of machinery exponentially increased yarn production. This increase made it possible to meet local demand and expand export markets.

Technological innovations in the 20th century

Technological improvements in spinning machines during the 20th century introduced machines with automatic quality controls, which allowed more precise control of yarn thickness and strength.

The types of fibres used in wool production also diversified during this century. Merino wool, known for its softness and superior quality, was blended with synthetic fibres, such as polyester and nylon, to improve the durability, elasticity and crease resistance of fabrics.

In recent years, wool production has incorporated advances towards sustainability, adopting practices to reduce environmental impact, such as washing and dyeing methods that minimise the use of water and chemicals, as well as responsible waste management.

In addition, animal welfare and efficient natural resource management programmes have been implemented, ensuring that wool remains an environmentally friendly option.

Conclusion

The evolution of woollen yarn is a reflection of an industry that has successfully adapted to the times. It is a long journey that has left our company with a legacy of experience and tradition.

Our commitment to sustainability and the integration of innovative technologies drives us to produce high quality textiles while maintaining a responsible balance with the environment. We invite you to discover and appreciate the painstaking work behind every thread in every product we offer, the result of centuries of refinement and dedication.